First, ensuring equal participation of women in (civil and military) crisis management missions (such as UN peacekeeping missions or OSCE monitoring missions) by defining binding quotas, measures, concrete indicators and measurable objectives. These should be included - as clear commitments with binding time plans and a distribution of tasks - in the next NAP III in order to ensure effective interministerial coordination.

Second, Germany should strengthen its commitment to ensure meaningful representation of women in diplomatic prevention and mediation efforts by defining a structured procedure to effectively incorporate women’s needs, vulnerabilities and interests. One idea would be a comprehensive checklist informed by lessons learnt from the previous years of implementing NAPs.